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The classification of man-made fibres
Man-made fibres are classified into three classes, those made from natural
polymers, those made from synthetic polymers and those made from inorganic
materials.
Fibres from Natural Polymers
The most common natural polymer fibre is viscose, which is made from the
polymer cellulose obtained mostly from farmed trees. Other cellulose-based
fibres are cupro, acetate and triacetate, lyocell and modal. The production
processes for these fibres are given in Part 4. Less common natural polymer
fibres are made from rubber, alginic acid and regenerated protein.
Fibres from Synthetic Polymers
There are very many synthetic fibres i.e. organic fibres based on petrochemicals.
The most common are polyester, polyamide (often called nylon), acrylic
and modacrylic, polypropylene, the segmented polyurethanes which are elastic
fibres known as elastanes (or spandex in the USA), and speciality fibres
such as the high performance aramids.
Fibres from Inorganic Materials
The inorganic man-made fibres are fibres made from materials such as glass,
metal, carbon or ceramic. These fibres are very often used to reinforce
plastics to form composites.
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